Module 2 – Case
Overview of Homeland Security-Related Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO)
Assignment Overview
The American Red Cross, one of the most widely known NGOs, responds to approximately 70,000 disasters of varying types and severity every year in the U.S., under the direction of the National Disaster Operations Center in Washington, D.C. (RedCross.org). There is no question that the Red Cross provides a vital service to the American public and has saved tens of thousands of lives, in addition to providing myriad other critical short-term services such as temporary shelters, food, medical care.
Using the American NGOs as our case study, we shall examine the role and function of an NGO in man-made events that directly impacted homeland security. Given the trans-regional nature of migration, the Red Cross and other NGOs draw on their presence all along U.S. borders to contribute to the humanitarian response and alleviate the suffering of vulnerable migrant people. In so doing, we can more concretely understand how an NGO can play a vital role in homeland security, supplementing the efforts of the federal government, and often before the government can establish a functional, effective relief system.
For this case study, we shall explore the NGOs response to narco-violence, terrorist threats, and large migrations massing on the U.S. and Mexico borders.
View:
Mexico’s Cartels Are Deadlier Than Ever Despite the Pandemic
Case Assignment
In this case, your task is to:
1. Briefly explain and describe the American Red Cross initial response to U.S. and Mexico borders events, including response plans, programs, policy, and initial phases of deployment, and summarize the mid-term and long-term support services provided to the migration population and the surrounding region.
2. Briefly explain how narco-violence, terrorist threats, and the perception of those threats, have impacted networks, coalitions, and partnerships among NGOs on the U.S. side of the United States-Mexico border.
Properly cite quotations that you use to support your statements. For more information, please consult the OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
Assignment Expectations
Length: This Case Assignment should be 3-5 pages, not counting the title page and references.
References: At least two references should be included from academic sources (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). Required readings are included. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (preferably in APA format).
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
Module 2 – SLP
Overview of Homeland Security-Related Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO)
SLP Overview
Vehicle-borne and vehicle-ramming attacks
On August 12, 2017, in Charlottesville, Virginia, a man intentionally slammed his car into a group of protesters, killing a woman and injuring others. On August 17, 2017, 13 people were killed after a van mowed through a crowd in a Barcelona tourist area. In October 2017, eight people were killed when a rented pickup truck drove down a bicycle path in New York City. According to Houser (2022), there were 257 recorded terrorist attacks involving some type of vehicle between 1970 and 2019, resulting in 808 fatalities and 1715 injuries worldwide (excluding the September 11 attacks).
Large gatherings, such as festivals and outdoor restaurants, leave a number of people vulnerable to vehicle ramming attacks (Houser, 2022). The increased prevalence of outdoor activities and gatherings in a post-COVID-19 world could further expose large numbers of people to the potential vulnerabilities of vehicle-based terrorism (Houser). Furthermore, vehicle-based attacks are likely to produce mass casualties. Local responders and healthcare institutions will bear the initial burden of dealing with a mass casualty scene, such as one caused by a vehicle-ramming attack. However, the scale, complexity, and terroristic nature of this type of incident would necessitate the involvement of additional levels of response and support.
Reference
Houser, R. S. (2022). Democratization of terrorism: An analysis of vehicle-based terrorist events. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open, 7.
SLP Assignment
For the Module 2 SLP Assignment, familiarize yourself with vehicles being used as weapons. Review the circumstances of past vehicle-based attacks to acquire the conceptual awareness needed for the SLP assignment. Also, review the Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) in the National Response Framework.
SLP Requirement:
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation describing the roles, responsibilities, and actions that would be taken by the following levels of responders in the aftermath of a vehicle-ramming attack that causes mass casualties, at an outdoor gathering of people, in the United States.
1. Local Emergency Responders (e.g., fire department, law enforcement, emergency medical services, and others).
2. State-Level Responders (e.g., law enforcement, emergency management, the Governor’s Office, and others).
3. Medical Services (e.g., hospitals, and others).
4. Federal Emergency Responders (e.g., FEMA, FBI, and others).
SLP Assignment Expectations
· A Title/Cover slide
· Content slides: describe the roles, responsibilities, and actions that would be taken by the following levels of responders in the aftermath of a vehicle ramming attack that caused mass casualties, at an outdoor gathering of people, in the United States. Prepare one or two slides for each of the following response levels:
a. Local Emergency Responders
b. State-Level Responders
c. Medical Services
d. Federal Emergency Responders
· A Summary or Conclusion slide
· Include source citations on slides containing quotations and very specific information
· Reference slide(s)
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